Fred Rompelberg (born 30 October 1945, in Maastricht) is a Dutch cyclist who is mainly known for taking several attempts to break the Absolute World Speed Record Cycling. On 3 October 1995 he cycled behind a motor dragster from the team Strasburg Racing's Brothers on the Bonneville Salt Flats in Utah, with a speed of 268.831 kilometers per hour (167.044 mph). He beat the previous record of 245 km/h held by John Howard which was obtained in 1985 at the same location in Utah. The relevant world record was broken anew in 2018 by Denise Mueller-Korenek who reached a speed of 296.009 km/h.

During the seventies, eighties and nineties, Rompelberg was mostly active as a stayer. Among his victories was the Dutch Championship in 1977.

Nowadays Rompelberg is into cycling holidays on Majorca, Spain. He is married and has two daughters.

Rompelberg became a professional cyclist in 1971 and still had a professional license in 2010, making him the oldest active professional cyclist in the world at that time.