Robert Donaldson may refer to:

• Robert Donaldson (political scientist) (born 1943), American political scientist and president of the University of Tulsa
• Robert Donaldson (politician) (1851–1936), member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly
• Robert Donaldson Jr. (1800–1872), American banker and patron of the arts
• Robert Douglas Donaldson (1870–1964), Canadian builder
• Robert Scott Donaldson, Canadian politician
• Bob Donaldson (1868–1947), Scottish footballer
• Bob Donaldson (cyclist) (born 2002), British cyclist