Abrahamsen is a Scandinavian patronymic surname. Notable people with the surname include:

• Aase Foss Abrahamsen (1930–2023), Norwegian writer
• Bernhard Abrahamsen (1878–1945), Norwegian politician
• Christine Elizabeth Abrahamsen (1916–1995), American nurse and professor
• David Abrahamsen (1903–2002), Norwegian forensic psychiatrist, psychoanalyst and author
• Egil Abrahamsen (1923–2023), Norwegian ships engineer
• Eric Abrahamsen (born 1978), American literary translator
• Hans Abrahamsen (born 1952), Danish composer
• Helgi Abrahamsen (born 1966), Faroese journalist and politician
• Isak Abrahamsen (1891–1972), Norwegian gymnast
• Jon Abrahamsen (born 1951), Norwegian football goalkeeper
• Jonas Abrahamsen (born 1995), Norwegian professional road racing cyclist
• Knut Leo Abrahamsen (born 1962), Norwegian Nordic combined skier
• Lars Kristian Abrahamsen (1855–1921), Norwegian politician
• Odd Abrahamsen (1924–2001), Norwegian poet
• Olaug Abrahamsen (1928–2010), Norwegian politician
• Solveig Sundbø Abrahamsen (born 1963), Norwegian politician
• Trond Abrahamsen (born 1960), Norwegian ice hockey player